ETHNOSOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE UDMURT POPULATION IN BASHKORTOSTAN (1989-2020)

The article examines the trends in the development of the ethnosocial structure of the Udmurt population in the Republic of Bashkortostan during the transformation period of Russian society. It is noted that in a market economy, a transformation of the socio-professional structure also occurred among the Udmurt population. Despite these changes and the high proportion of rural residents, the Udmurts as a whole are represented in many key sectors of the economy. It was found that the low level of people with higher education among the Udmurts did not in any way affect their employment in a number of key sectors of the economy. For example, the Udmurts were represented with a significant share in the field of mechanical engineering and metalworking (16.8%), while 7.9% of the Udmurts worked as engineering and technical specialists, ahead of the Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, second only to the Russians and Ukrainians. It was revealed that among highly skilled workers the share of Udmurts was higher than that of representatives of other nationalities. But at the same time, the share of unskilled and semi -skilled workers was also high. The share of skilled workers in agriculture among the Udmurts was the highest, significantly exceeding representatives of other ethnic groups. At the same time, the share of low -skilled workers was also high. In other words, among the Udmurts, as well as among representatives of a number of ethnic groups in the republic, a certain ethnosocial differentiation is evident. The highest proportion among all ethnic groups of the republic engaged in personal subsidiary farming was also noted among the Udmurts, which is confirmed both by the results of censuses and by data from an ethnosociological survey. In order to obtain additional income, people work in several jobs. It was revealed that the Udmurts had the highest rate with two and even three sources of livelihood. The study showed that the Udmurts are largely involved in the structures of the market economy.