Advancements in Three-Phase Short-Circuit Fault Computation for Power System Generators: A Comprehensive Review

The Synchronous Machine (SM) representation is crucial for understanding the power system's behavior during transient states, particularly in stability and short circuit studies. The SM is typically modeled using complete models (structure and parameters) that simulate its transient state via a three-phase short-circuit fault. This paper reviews the current state of the art in the SM representation, focusing on its model structure and parameter determination through test-measurement techniques. Most SM research is centered on these two areas. Research on simulating empirical three-phase short-circuit faults involves two approaches: computing with an empirical short-circuit function and numerical integration using Electromagnetic Transient Programs (EMTP), which show machine behavior through magnitude curves over time. However, current computational limitations prevent analytical descriptions of the SM behavior in transient states. Therefore, the focus of research should be on determining a closed-form solution for the frequency response test, also known as the SSFR, which provides the most information about the SM behavior.