Imaging phenotypic differences in multiple sclerosis: at the crossroads of aging, sex, race, and ethnicity

被引:2
|
作者
Nathoo, Nabeela [1 ,2 ]
Neyal, Nur [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Kantarci, Orhun H. [1 ,2 ]
Zeydan, Burcu [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
[2] Mayo Clin, Ctr Multiple Sclerosis & Autoimmune Neurol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
[3] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
[4] Mayo Clin, Womens Hlth Res Ctr, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
来源
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
aging; hormone therapy; magnetic resonance imaging; multiple sclerosis; race; sex; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; GRAY-MATTER ATROPHY; CERVICAL CORD AREA; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; BRAIN; AGE; DISABILITY; LESIONS;
D O I
10.3389/fgwh.2024.1412482
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Clear sex differences are observed in clinical and imaging phenotypes of multiple sclerosis (MS), which evolve significantly over the age spectrum, and more specifically, during reproductive milestones such as pregnancy and menopause. With neuroimaging being an outcome measure and also a key subclinical biomarker of subsequent clinical phenotype in MS, this comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of sex and hormone differences in structural and functional imaging biomarkers of MS, including lesion burden and location, atrophy, white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and iron distribution. Furthermore, how therapies aimed at altering sex hormones can impact imaging of women and men with MS over the lifespan is discussed. This review also explores the key intersection between age, sex, and race/ethnicity in MS, and how this intersection may affect imaging biomarkers of MS.
引用
收藏
页数:10
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