Mineralogical and geochemical insights of Fe-Ti-P-REE mineralization in alkaline igneous complexes: example from the Kodal deposit, Oslo Rift, Norway

Phosphates are essential in our society to guarantee the global food production chain. They have been recognized as critical raw materials (CRM) by the EU. It is mostly extracted from apatite [Ca-5(Po-4)(3)(F, OH, Cl)], a mineral common to sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Alkaline igneous deposits have so far received limited interest by comparison with other igneous or sedimentary-related type deposits. However, some of them show notable enrichments in P2O5 and could become exploitable, especially in Europe. In these systems, apatite is enriched in Rare Earth Elements (REE), which constitutes a potential byproduct, in addition to phosphorus. Here, we focus on the Early Permian Larvik Monzonitic Plutonic Complex (LPC; Oslo Rift, Norway), which displays Fe-Ti-P-REE mineralization whose formation remains unclear. We first described the mineralogical assemblages constituting the mineralization, the surrounding larvikites as well as the contacts between the two facies. Further geochemical investigations were performed on in-situ apatite from Kodal in order to establish its trace elements composition.