Delivering and Evaluating Climate Services: The North Central US Climate and Drought Webinar Series

Evaluation of near-term (sub)seasonal climate services' impact is challenging but necessary for ensuring that society's needs for actionable information are met. We use a descriptive study of the monthly North Central U.S. Climate and Drought Webinar Series at two time points (2014 and 2021) to examine societal impacts on capacity-building, sensemaking, fact-establishing, communication, decision-making, and social-ecological systems. The North Central U.S. Climate and Drought Webinar Series arose following a 2011 climate disaster and established itself over the next 10 years as a monthly resource for climate and impact information translation and interaction. Survey respondents indicated early benefits fi ts related to understanding how to fi nd and use climate information and improved conceptual understanding of climate issues and problems. Many used webinar information to compare with other sources of data or to incorporate into their own communications, uses which can increase overall societal trust in climate information over time. Attendees' self- reported capacity for using climate information in decision-making and actual use of information in specific fi c decisions or management contexts increased as the webinar series approached the 10-yr mark. Most participants did not note fi nancial or other social-ecological outcomes of their use of the webinars. We conclude by recommending that climate services be evaluated over sufficiently fi ciently long time periods to capture evolving impacts and that evaluations incorporate impact rubrics that measure subtle yet important societal capacities and decision-making processes related to climate risk management.