How farmer preferences and climate change beliefs shape BMP adoption

CONTEXT: Organizations often use agri-environmental policies and program to promote Best Management Practice (BMPs) adoption, which are meant to mitigate on-farm environmental risks. However, producer preferences for programs and collaborative organizations are often overlooked during the process of policy implementation. Producers are likely to feel more inclined to accept information from, and otherwise engage with, some organizations over others. Overlooking such preferences may have led to inefficient policies that did not engage the intended audience, resulting in minimal BMP uptake. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this paper is to investigate the preferences of Canadian producers for climate-mitigative policy options and partner organizations that impact or encourage BMP adoption, two variables deemed critical to on-farm BMP adoption decisions. METHODOLOGY: We use a survey-based method for assessing individuals ' priorities in the form of most and least preferred choices from a set of available options. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis reveals that producers prefer financial support, while certification, extension, carbon offsets and carbon taxation are all significantly less likely to be chosen as the most preferred climate policy. As for organizations producers prefer to work with, the provincial government and county or municipal governments are their first-choice collaborative organizations when it comes to climate-mitigation in agriculture. In contrast, producers in Alberta are more likely to choose environmental NGOs as their least preferred organization. The results also show these preferences are altered when interacted with producer characteristics. Beliefs about climate change significantly alter their policy preferences: those who believe in human-caused (anthropogenic) climate change are more likely to support several climate-mitigative policies, with the notable exception of a tax on carbon and carbon offsets. We also find farm typology and being an avid adopter of BMPs alters producers' policy preferences, but not organization preferences. SIGNIFICANCE: Given the challenges to changing producers' on -farm decision making, the results of this paper can help guide those who develop and implement climate -mitigative policies and programs by providing an overview of preferred policies that are more likely to be accepted by agricultural producers. This includes helping tailor policy approaches in collaboration with trusted partners and understanding what factors, such as farm typology and climate change beliefs, may influence the acceptance of these climate -mitigative policies.