Response Surface Optimization of Rice and Guinea Corn Husk Ash Blended Concrete

Concrete, a fundamental construction material, consists of aggregates, water, cement, and additives. Unfortunately, the large-scale production of cement is a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, primarily from the manufacturing process and the consumption of fossil fuels. This not only incurs environmental costs associated with global warming but also depletes vital limestone deposits. To mitigate these issues, this study aims to explore the optimal utilization of Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in concrete. This research investigated the chemical properties of GCHA and RHA, and their impact on the compressive and split-tensile strengths of concrete when integrated in various proportions. The study reveals that both GCHA and RHA meet the minimum oxide content requirement of 70% set by ASTM C618, with silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) as the predominant oxide. Increasing the content of RHA and GCHA from 5% to 10% improves the concrete's compressive and split-tensile strengths after curing for 56 days. Optimization results indicate that the ideal mix consists of 10% GCHA, 8.5% RHA, and 82.5% cement, yielding a compressive and split tensile strength of 31.34 N/mm 2 and 3.07 N/mm 2 respectively. This study thus offers a promising solution for sustainable concrete production by reducing the environmental footprint of cement while enhancing material properties and promoting an eco-friendlier approach to construction.