The Mediation Effect Of Workplace Spirituality And Proactive Behavior On Job Performance: Ethical Leadership Perspective

Employees' job performance is vital for organizations, including for companies in various industries in Indonesia. However, many employees have yet to be able to perform optimally, including employees in companies of finance, trade, service, and investment industries in Indonesia. It is a crucial problem that requires a quick solution. Therefore, this study investigates employees' job performance in relationships with ethical leadership, workplace spirituality, and proactive behavior, both directly and indirectly, through mediation mechanisms as an alternative solution. The participants of this study are 428 employees in companies of finance, trade, service, and investment industries across three provinces (Jakarta, West Java, and Banten) in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through a survey using a Likert scale questionnaire designed in Google Forms and shared via the WhatsApp application. The data analysis employed by structural equation modeling (SEM) found that ethical leadership, workplace spirituality, and proactive behavior directly affect employees' job performance. Furthermore, ethical leadership and workplace spirituality directly affect employees' proactive behavior. Finally, ethical leadership indirectly affects employees' job performance mediated by workplace spirituality and proactive behavior. This evidence proves a new empirical model regarding the role of workplace spirituality and proactive behavior in mediating the ethical leadership affecting employees' job performance as a novelty. These findings provide practical and theoretical contributions to studying human resources management and organizational behavior, especially those related to developing employees' job performance based on ethical leadership through mediation mechanisms of workplace spirituality and proactive behavior. Therefore, researchers and practitioners can take advantage of the empirical models produced by this research in their studies and projects to develop job performance in the future.