Instability evolution of expansive soil slope due to short duration-varying intensities of rainfall

This study examines the evolution of instability in induced expansive soil slopes under varying rainfall intensities. The destabilization evolution of expansive soil slopes and their stability under three different rainfall intensities were revealed through indoor modelling and numerical simulation. The findings indicate that slopes are not destabilized by short duration and low rainfall intensity alone. Slope failure under strong rainfall intensity follows a three-stage evolutionary process. As rainfall intensity increases, the slope's water content, soil pressure, and pore water pressure increase. However, the stress at each monitoring point of the slope affected by rainfall follows a different pattern. Under low rainfall intensity, the water content of the slope surface is higher than that of the slope foot. Under strong rainfall conditions, the water content of the slope foot is higher than that of the slope surface. Therefore, it is important to implement seepage prevention measures on the slope surface and drainage measures on the slope foot to ensure slope stability. Rainfall affects the soil pressure at each monitoring point of the slope, causing unloading on the slope surface and fluctuation at the foot of the slope. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced with increasing rainfall intensity. Numerical simulation confirms that the overall horizontal displacement distance of the slope increases with rainfall intensity, but the horizontal displacement range becomes shallower. The slope's maximum horizontal displacement occurs at its foot, with values of 0.29 m and 0.34 m under moderate and heavy rainfall, respectively, representing a growth rate of 17 %. Settlement of the slope under different rainfall intensities was greatest at the top of the slope area. The lateral stresses generated by the settlement resulted in soil uplift at the leading edge of the slope.