Efficacy of Ofatumumab and Teriflunomide in Patients With Relapsing MS From Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups ASCLEPIOS I/II Subgroup Analyses

Background and Objectives Race and ethnicity may influence the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Incidence of MS in ethnically diverse groups may be higher; however, these populations are under-represented in MS trials. This post hoc analysis compared the proportion of patients achieving 3-parameter no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) with ofatumumab vs teriflunomide in participants with relapsing MS (RMS) enrolled in the ASCLEPIOS I/II trials by race/ethnicity subgroup. Methods ASCLEPIOS I/II were identical, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 trials. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive ofatumumab 20 mg every 4 weeks or teriflunomide 14 mg once daily for up to 30 months. Pooled data were used to determine the efficacy/safety of ofatumumab vs teriflunomide in participants who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, Hispanic/Latino, or non-Hispanic White. Participants who did not self-identify into one of these groups were classified as other/unknown. Results Of the 1,882 participants, 64 (3.4%) self-identified as non-Hispanic Black, 71 (3.8%) as non-Hispanic Asian, 145 (7.7%) as Hispanic/Latino, and 1,538 (81.7%) as non-Hispanic White. Baseline participant demographics/characteristics were largely balanced across subgroups, aside from minor variations in sex, disease duration, and MRI lesions. From months 0 to 24, the proportion of ofatumumab vs teriflunomide-treated patients achieving NEDA-3 (odds ratio [95% CI]) was as follows: non-Hispanic Black, 33.3% vs 3.4% (15.9 [1.67-151.71; p = 0.0162]); non-Hispanic Asian, 42.9% vs 21.9% (3.18 [0.95-10.59; p = 0.06]); Hispanic/Latino, 36.6% vs 18.6% (3.21 [1.32-7.79; p = 0.01]); and non-Hispanic White, 37.4% vs 16.6% (3.57 [2.73-4.67; p < 0.0001]). Rates of AEs were generally similar between treatment groups and across race/ethnicity subgroups; no new or unexpected safety signals were identified. Discussion Ofatumumab was associated with greater proportions of NEDA-3 achievement than teriflunomide across race/ethnicity subgroups in the ASCLEPIOS trials. Within each treatment group, the proportion of patients achieving NEDA-3 from months 0 to 24 was similar across the subgroups and overall pooled population. Both ofatumumab and teriflunomide were well tolerated. Future MS trials should include ethnically diverse groups to better inform treatment decisions and improve real-world patient outcomes.