The effect of oil shale ash and basalt-boron fiber on waste package gamma-radiation shielding properties

Oil shale ash is an abundant industrial residue that contains hydration products, which have been shown to immobilize heavy metals. The use of innovative additives such as oil shale ash (OSA) and basal-fiber materials containing boron (BBF) have not been thoroughly investigated. This study analyzes the potential of OSA-BBF concrete as an overpack material for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste containers. Monte Carlo analysis showcases OSA-BBF concrete's superior radiation shielding capability over conventional cement paste. Over a comprehensive 20-year dose rate assessment, OSA-BBF concrete meets the safety standards. The dose rate was not notably sensitive to the amount of additives, meaning they can be added without limit from radiation protection point of view. By investigating the application of oil shale ash in radiation shielding, this research underscores the pathway toward more effective and safer radioactive waste management practices through innovative material choices using recycled industrial residues.