An Overview of Ten Years of Liquid Democracy Research

Ten years have passed since in 2009 two independent technical systems pioneered liquid democracy (LD): Zupa, a system developed for the Student Organisation of FIS in Slovenia, followed closely by LiquidFeedback, which served the Pirate Party in Berlin, Germany. First academic papers appeared in 2010 targeting the e-democracy research community, and later followed by researchers from artificial intelligence. This paper provides an overview of the scholarly discussions that developed in the past decade, and the technical implementations and initiatives that emerged.