Prospective study on challenges faced in a perception system

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining momentum due to the advantages it possesses in congestion-free traffic, reduced probability of accidents, and economical transit thus reducing the transit time, saving human life, and helping the growth of the economy. Autonomous vehicles (AV) are an important part of ITS as these are the actual actuators of the ITS. In AVs, the perception system is particularly important as this provides vital information to the motion and planning system. Any error in perception of the environment by the AV will lead to the failure of the entire ITS. This article provides a thorough review of the recent technological advancements in perception systems. In this work, we have considered peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings on AV from 2019 onwards. The primary focus is on motion prediction models, object detection, localization, sensor data fusion, sensors, autonomous driving (AD), communication technology and AI. This article also discusses the various challenges faced by perception systems in AD and how communication technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help the perception system to overcome the existing challenges.