MultifunctionalFilmAssembledfromN-DopedCarbonNanofiberwithCo–N4–OSingleAtomsforHighlyEfficientElectromagneticEnergyAttenuation

Single-atom materials have demonstrated attractive physicochemical characteristics. However, understanding the relationships between the coordination environment of single atoms and their properties at the atomic level remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a facile waterassisted carbonization approach is developed to fabricate well-defined asymmetrically coordinated Co–N4–O sites on biomass-derived carbon nanofiber（Co–N4–O/NCF） for electromagnetic wave（EMW） absorption. In such nanofiber, one atomically dispersed Co site is coordinated with four N atoms in the graphene basal plane and one oxygen atom in the axial direction. In-depth experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the axial Co–O coordination breaks the charge distribution symmetry inthe planar porphyrin-like Co–N4 structure, leading to significantly enhanced dielectric polarization loss relevant to the planar Co–N4 sites. Importantly, the film based on Co–N4–O/NCF exhibits light weight, flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, great thermal insulating feature, and excellent EMW absorption with a reflection loss of-45.82 d B along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.8 GHz. The findings of this work offer insight into the relationships between the single-atom coordination environment and the dielectric performance, and the proposed strategy can be extended toward the engineering of asymmetrically coordinated single atoms for various applications.