Estimation of source parameters of local earthquakes originated near Idukki Reservoir, Kerala

We estimated the source parameters for local earthquakes near the Idukki reservoir, Kerala. The region falls under seismic zone III, indicating moderate seismicity, and is reported to have witnessed several small to moderate size magnitude earthquakes. Eight local earthquakes with magnitudes ranging between 2 and 3.6 were used during the data analysis of this study. Four key parameters were primarily estimated from the earthquake signals, providing an overall idea about the source characteristics, i.e., seismic moment, stress drop, corner frequency, and source radius. Our estimated moment magnitudes (Mw) range between 2 and 3.4, which are consistent with the reported local magnitude (ML) scale, indicating a minor difference between MW and ML scale. The estimated variations in seismic moment align well with the global model of micro-earthquakes, ranging between 1.2E + 15 and 1.1E + 17 dyn-cm. The source radius mostly varies between 110 and 220 m, with seismic moment exhibiting a linear increase as source size grows. This suggests a clear dependence of seismic moment on the radius of the source. It is likely that the brittle shear-failure mechanism on the fault segment and/or the presence of weak zones would contribute to local earthquakes with smaller source radius. Stress drops for most of the events are relatively low in the study region, ranging from 0.3 to 4.5 bars. The initiation of rupture is evident along an existing fault plane, potentially acting as a contributing factor to the observed lower stress drop values. The stress drop variable with a positive correlation to the seismic moment of the event might indicate a wide range of strength of the crustal rock in the region. Interestingly, both the corner frequency (fc) and maximum frequency (fmax) decrease as seismic moment increases, indicating that both are related to the source process and possibly influenced by the site effects. Finally, we can suggest that the derived source parameters can be utilized to simulate ground motion parameters of historical events, thereby enhancing seismic hazard assessment and facilitating earthquake engineering analyses in future research initiatives.