Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital-acquired infections in Ilam, Iran

Objective This research study was undertaken to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns and the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). The study focuses on common microorganisms responsible for HAIs and explores emerging challenges posed by antimicrobial drug-resistant isolates. Methods A comprehensive analysis of 123 patients with HAIs, hospitalized in surgical department and intensive care unit (ICU) at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Iran, was conducted over a six-month period. Pathogenic bacterial isolates, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results The study findings revealed a significant prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, of which 73.3% were MRSA. Notably, 6.7% of S. aureus isolates exhibited resistance to vancomycin, indicating the emergence of VRSA. Respiratory infections were identified as the most prevalent HAI, constituting 34.67% of cases, often arising from extended ICU stays and invasive surgical procedures. Furthermore, patients aged 60 and above, particularly those associated with MDR, exhibited higher vulnerability to HAI. Conclusions This research sheds light on the intricate interplay between drug resistance and HAI, highlighting the imperative role of rational antibiotic use and infection control in addressing this critical healthcare challenge.