Long-term shoreline and LULC change computational analysis in part of the east coast of Tamilnadu using geoinformation tools

The Cuddalore district has a long coastline, making it susceptible to cyclonic depressions, ensuing rains that bring floods and other natural and anthropogenic disasters. As a result, both shoreline modifications and changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have been noticed. Both observations were made using Landsat with the sensors (TM, ETM + , OLI) proclaimed for 32 years data from 1992 to 2022 acquired from United State of Geological Survey (USGS). This data has undergone shoreline extraction and supervised classification, among other image processing techniques. To cast transects and determine statistical parameters for the shoreline of the ensuing years, the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) in the ArcGIS environment was used (1992, 2001, 2011, 2022). A total of 468 transects were produced using DSAS ver. 5.0, each measuring an average length of 147.9 m during 30 years (1992-2022). According to the end point rate (EPR) result, along the Cuddalore coastal stretch, the erosion rate was - 5.28 m per year, and the accretion rate was 4.50 m/year. The forecast outcome for the shoreline in 2032, or 10 years from now, indicates that one may anticipate an area of 334,520.785 m2 will be added, and an area of 72,558.79 m2 may have degraded. According to the LULC results, in the years 1992, 2001, 2011 and 2022, the primary area was employed by built-up land, forest plantations, fallow land, and water bodies, while the minor area was occupied by sandy areas, salt-affected land, mangroves, and agricultural land. By comparing Google Earth images and field survey photographs, the accuracy assessment of LULC yielded a result of 83% overall accuracy and a Kappa coefficient of 81.11%. According to the LULC's change detection results, between 1992 and 2022, an area of 40.23 km2, 15.09 km2 and 27.13 km2, respectively, was added to by built-up land, water bodies and degraded land.