Dual-functional nano-photosensitizers: Eosin-Y decorated gold nanorods for plasmon-enhanced fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation

Photosensitizer (PS) with enhanced fluorescence is attractive for image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its dual functional role in Singlet Oxygen Generation (SOG) and producing high fluorescence signals. Here, Eosin-Y (Ey) decorated polymer coated gold nanorods (GNRs) of different aspect ratios are synthesized and introduced as novel plasmon-enhanced nano-photosensitizers for this purpose. We show, upon excitation at 519 nm, simultaneous enhancement in fluorescence and SOG was achieved for the hybrid nanostructure. The best enhancement factors of 110 and 18 for metal-enhanced fluorescence and metal-enhanced SOG, respectively, are obtained with GNRs of length 133 nm and width 45 nm, where Ey is positioned at 12.6 nm from the metal core using layer-by-layer assembly of oppositely charged polymers. The observed plasmonic effect is critically analysed by comparing the near field damping rate along with decay length, far field scattering and nonradiative energy transfer of the nanohybrids. Enhancement factors of 110 and 18 for metal-enhanced fluorescence and metal-enhanced SOG, respectively, are obtained from polymer coated gold nanorod cores adsorbed with Eosin Y.