Isothermal and isocratic HPLC chromatography for rapid quantitation of isoleucine and leucine (merged peak), tyrosine and phenylalanine from a single dried blood filter paper specimen (1/8" dot blot) is described. The net chromatography time of the relevant peaks is less than 3 min. The results can be used to screen for PKU, MSUD, and tyrosinemia in one single assay. The advantage for early determination of PKU by simultaneous quantitation of both phenylalanine and tyrosine with the determination of their ratio is discussed. Using a dual column system this procedure might be suitable for large-scale newborn screening.