The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the revival processes seized the modern Muslim world, active politicization of Islam and the wide spread of radical movements. The article is aimed at studying the activities of a prominent religious reformer and public figure Jamal Ad-Dina Al-Afghani in Russia. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the civilization approach, which enabled us to consider contemporary changes in the life of Russian Muslims in the context of the global Islamic community general trends. On the basis of the periodical press materials, the authors came to the conclusion about the activity of Al-Afghani in Russia, associated with the spread of ideas of religious reformation, Muslims unity and anti-British negotiations. Materials of this article may be useful for the further development of scientific problems in the history of Islam and Muslim peoples, as well as the history of culture and social thought of Russian peoples.