Nutrition during pregnancy has become an integral component of prenatal care. This review will focus on new topics and recent research on established areas, including the influence of caffeine on infertility, intrauterine growth, prematurity, and fetal behaviours; anthropometric factors influencing birthweight and maternal weight postpartum, and during lactation; the cost-benefit of prenatal outcomes; and the influence of smoking and individual nutrients, including n-3 fatty acids, vitamin K, and folic acid, on reproductive outcome.