This volume explores the ways in which archival documents shape political struggles and influence social change. With case studies from the Pacific, Australasia, Africa, Inner Asia and South America, the articles ethnographically trace the political genealogies of archival documents as they are transformed across space and time. The contributors of this volume engage with a current turn in anthropology towards the documentary process and the material, showing how the aesthetics, form and materiality of documentary work shape the means by which archives exert power. They thus demonstrate how the performance of documentary practices enable particular subject formations, modes of governmentality, new and ongoing expressions of sovereignty and agency, and the circulation of affect. By examining such practices as the conversations that occur in documents' margins, the composite layering of files, the strategies by which documents are extracted from the state, and the means by which documents are re-evaluated and redeployed, this volume offers a dynamic picture of contemporary archival work and an expanded frame for imagining the archival field.