Open arthrolysis of the knee joint

Background. Loss of range of motion of the knee joint causes significant disability. Surgical treatment should include arthroscopic as well as open arthrolysis procedures. Objectives. Impairments of extension and flexion can have capsular or extra-articular origins in the musculature. The techniques of open capsulotomy and interventions on the proximal and distal extension apparatus are presented. Discussion on the indications and surgical techniques for open arthrolysis of the knee joint are presented based on own results and the available literature. Results. The established surgical techniques can significantly improve the range of motion considering the severity of this case group. Conclusions. An exact analysis of the cause of knee stiffness is necessary. Only intra-articular problems can be arthroscopically treated and open techniques are indicated when the stiffness is caused by an extra-articular pathology. The techniques are established and reproducible.