THE ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS IN THE CHURCH BUILDING OF TOMSK DIOCESE

This papers considers the role of civil engineers in the process of church building of Tomsk Diocese. The importance of the participation of civil engineers in the church building of Tomsk Diocese is proved by the fact that six of seven diocesan architects had the rank "Civil Engineer", namely: K.N. Eremeev, A. A. Ashemur, K.A. Gonyaev, I.Yu. Schreyer, S.V. Khomich, N.V. Baumgarten. Only one architect, V.V. Khabarov, who held the post of diocesan architect for five years, was a graduate of the Academy of Arts. Being in the position of the diocesan architect, civil engineers carried out projects, conducted technical supervision of construction of new church buildings in the cities and other settlements of Tomsk Diocese. As a rule, having the position of the diocesan architect, civil engineers held other positions at the same time, such as the city architect, the provincial engineer and others. This article provides information on the construction of the most important church buildings of Tomsk Diocese, the Trinity Cathedral in Tomsk, the Alexander Nevsky Church in Biysk, the Intercession Church, the Synagogue in Mariinsk and others. In addition, it reviews the activities of civil engineers outside of Tomsk Diocese. The study also notes the participation of other civil engineers in the construction of church buildings of Tomsk Diocese. At the end of the 19th century the construction of churches was intense. As a result, a decree was signed that church authorities that were responsible for the construction of temples could apply not only to the diocesan architects, but also to all the architects who were entitled to do such work. Such civil engineers as F.F. Gut, K.A. Zaranek and A.D. Kryachkov engineered and built temples. The study found that civil engineers were actively involved in the church building of Tomsk Diocese. Many of them arrived in Tomsk having a wealth of experience in the construction of churches in the Russian cities which was successfully used in the construction of Tomsk Diocese. This was the civil engineer F.F. Gut. Others came to Tomsk immediately after graduation and gained experience in the construction of temples of Tomsk Diocese. These civil engineers were A.D. Kryachkov, S.V. Khomich. The study notes that civil engineers often were also the main builders by putting their projects into practice. The education they received at the Institute of Civil Engineers allowed them to work as designers, estimators, builders, which was especially important in the province that always lacked qualified architects.