Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: Overview of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. It is distinguished by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD may be accompanied by learning disabilities, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Investigators have studied the relation of ADHD to elevated lead levels, abnormal thyroid function, morphologic brain differences, and EEG patterns. With current public awareness of ADHD, pediatricians and health care providers are reporting increases in referral rates of children with suspected ADHD. Numerous rating scales and medical tests for evaluation and diagnosis of ADHD are available, with mixed expert opinion on their usefulness. Parents who are concerned their child may have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should speak with the child's healthcare provider. Early recognition and treatment of ADHD are important to prevent or limit emotional, academic, and behavioral difficulties.