Since the first election to power of Chavez in Venezuela, the characteristics of a neo-populism, or a swing to a new left, are being discussed in Latin America. Some speak of various lefts. This is due to the strong personalization of power and to the lack of political parties that represent this left. Their governments, as well as being an expression of the social forces today, far from power, appear to be inventing their government programmes day after day. For these governments, a better world economic situation is favourable. What will become of them in case of difficulties? Do they represent something distinct in the face of the world union of forces and in the face of the exclusive option of liberal policies? If the answer is yes, what are their important tasks?