Infantile cortical hyperostosis: Case report

Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis, or Caffey-Silverman disease, is a rare condition characterised by generalised bone proliferation mediated by an acute inflammatory process. Diagnosis can be made through clinical evaluation and X-ray studies. The course is generally self-limiting and prognosis is excellent. Objective: To present the case of a 4-month child with clinical and radiological symptoms compatible with Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis. Case report: A 4-month old male who presented with crying and irritability associated with swelling of the face, arms and legs was admitted to the Emergency Room of National Institute of Pediatrics. Bilateral mandibular swelling extending to periauricular region was observed, with no signs of inflammation. X-ray studies showed a periosteal reaction in the jaw, left femur and tibia, and radius bilateral. Clinical observation combined with analgesics and antipyretics was the only medical intervention. Four to six months after discharge from hospital, the symptoms disappeared, confirming the good prognosis of this condition. Conclusion: Infantile cortical hyperostosis is a collagenopathy, which must be considered as a differential diagnosis in acute bone inflammatory processes, irritability and fever. It is important to understand and identify this disease and clinical-radiological correlation is remarkable. (C) 2016 Sociedad Chilena de PediatrIia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.