Experimental study on ultrasonic-assisted PCM cooling: A novel approach to photovoltaic panel performance improvement

This study aims to enhance the cooling effectiveness of a phase change material (PCM) in photovoltaic panels using an ultrasonic field. It examines how the placement of ultrasonic transducers affects the temperature, output voltage, power, and electrical efficiency of the panels. Experiments were conducted under two conditions: with and without micro-plates (fins) in the PCM enclosure, utilizing a PCM mixture of 75 % beeswax and 25 % coconut oil. Results showed improved cooling performance with the ultrasonic field and fins. Using three ultrasonic transducers simultaneously proved more effective than a single transducer positioned centrally or at a corner of the panel. The average temperature of the PV panel decreased by 10.81 degrees C and 10.75 degrees C in systems with and without fins, and output power increased by 2.08 W and 1.55 W under finless and finned arrangements, respectively. Finally, results indicate a promising improvement in electrical output when employing the combined use of PCM and ultrasonic waves, particularly in configurations with a higher number of transducers and the inclusion of fins. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of ultrasound may facilitate enhanced heat transfer within the PCM, thereby maintaining optimal operating temperatures for the PV cells.